Local solutions in Sobolev spaces with negative indices for the "good" Boussinesq equation

We study the local well-posedness of the initial-value problem for the nonlinear "good" Boussinesq equation with data in Sobolev spaces \textit{$H^s$} for negative indices of $s$.Comment: Referee comments incorporate

Are Prescription Stimulants “Smart Pills”?

Use of prescription stimulants by normal healthy individuals to enhance cognition is said to be on the rise. Who is using these medications for cognitive enhancement, and how prevalent is this practice? Do prescription stimulants in fact enhance cognition for normal healthy people? We review the epidemiological and cognitive neuroscience literatures in search of answers to these questions. Epidemiological issues addressed include the prevalence of nonmedical stimulant use, user demographics, methods by which users obtain prescription stimulants, and motivations for use. Cognitive neuroscience issues addressed include the effects of prescription stimulants on learning and executive function, as well as the task and individual variables associated with these effects. Little is known about the prevalence of prescription stimulant use for cognitive enhancement outside of student populations. Among college students, estimates of use vary widely but, taken together, suggest that the practice is commonplace. The cognitive effects of stimulants on normal healthy people cannot yet be characterized definitively, despite the volume of research that has been carried out on these issues. Published evidence suggests that declarative memory can be improved by stimulants, with some evidence consistent with enhanced consolidation of memories. Effects on the executive functions of working memory and cognitive control are less reliable but have been found for at least some individuals on some tasks. In closing, we enumerate the many outstanding questions that remain to be addressed by future research and also identify obstacles facing this research

Apparent Modulus of Elasticity of Dental Amalgams

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66932/2/10.1177_00220345750540043301.pd

MutSα and MutLα immunoexpression analysis in diagnostic grading of oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma

Objectives. This study explored the expression of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in a range of oral biopsies. We further evaluated the significance of MMR protein expression combined with basic demographic data in differentiating grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)

A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Executive Function Performance Among Children

The relation between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and executive function (EF) has recently attracted attention within psychology, following reports of substantial SES disparities in children’s EF. Adding to the importance of this relation, EF has been proposed as a mediator of socioeconomic disparities in lifelong achievement and health. However, evidence about the relationship between childhood SES and EF is mixed, and there has been no systematic attempt to evaluate this relationship across studies. This meta-analysis systematically reviewed the literature for studies in which samples of children varying in SES were evaluated on EF, including studies with and without primary hypotheses about SES. The analysis included 8,760 children between the ages of 2 and 18 gathered from 25 independent samples. Analyses showed a small but statistically significant correlation between SES and EF across all studies (r random = .16, 95% CI [.12, .21]) without correcting for attenuation due to range restriction or measurement unreliability. Substantial heterogeneity was observed between studies, and a number of factors, including the amount of SES variability in the sample and the number of EF measures used, emerged as moderators. Using only the 15 studies with meaningful SES variability in the sample, the average correlation between SES and EF was small-to-medium in size (r random = .22, 95% CI [.17, .27]). Using only the 6 studies with multiple measures of EF, the relationship was medium in size (r random = .28, 95% CI [.18-.37]). In sum, this meta-analysis supports the presence of SES disparities in EF and suggests that they are between small and medium in size, depending on the methods used to measure them

Effect of Cement Base Thicknesses on MOD Amalgam Restorations

The effect of five cement bases on the fracture strength of three amalgams was determined at 24 h after condensation. It was found that the type of base used was the most important factor in affecting the fracture strength of the amalgam, followed by the thickness of the base, and finally the type of amalgam that was used.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67857/2/10.1177_00220345830620020301.pd

The definition and diagnosis of developmental prosopagnosia.

Over the last 20 years much attention in the field of face recognition has been directed towards the study of developmental prosopagnosia (DP), with some authors investigating the behavioural characteristics of the condition, and many others using these individuals to further our theoretical understanding of the typical face-processing system. It is broadly agreed that the term "DP" refers to people who have failed to develop the ability to recognize faces in the absence of neurological illness or injury, yet more precise terminology in relation to potential subtypes of the population are yet to be confirmed. Furthermore, specific diagnostic techniques and inclusion and exclusion criteria have yet to be uniformly accepted across the field, making cross-paper comparisons and meta-analyses very difficult. This paper presents an overview of the current challenges that face research into DP and introduces a series of papers that attempt to further our understanding of the condition's characteristics. It is hoped that this special issue will provide a springboard for further research addressing these issues, improving the current state of the art by ensuring the quality of theoretical investigations into DP, and by posing advances that will assist those who have the condition

Cognitive Enhancement

Cognitive enhancement refers to the improvement of cognitive ability in normal healthy individuals. In this article, we focus on the use of pharmaceutical agents and brain stimulation for cognitive enhancement, reviewing the most common methods of pharmacologic and electronic cognitive enhancement, and the mechanisms by which they are believed to work, the effectiveness of these methods and their prevalence. We note the many gaps in our knowledge of these matters, including open questions about the size, reliability and nature of the enhancing effects, and we conclude with recommendations for further research

Synthesis, Characterization, and Investigation the Inhibitory Impact of Thiosemicarbazide Derivative toward the Corrosion of Mild Steel in Acidic Media

ركزنا في هذه الدراسة على تحديد تأثير مشتق الثيوسيميكاربازيد المحضر و الذي يمكن تسميته ’’ 2- (2-هيدروكسي-3-ميثوكسي بنزيليدين) هيدرازين كاربوثايميد ‘‘ (HMHC) على تثبيط تآكل الفولاذ الطري في محلول حمضي من حامض كلوريد الهايدروجين بتركيز 1 مولاري كمحاولة جديدة للحفاظ على تركيب المواد المعدنية من خلال الحفاظ عليها من التآكل. تم تشخيص المثبط المحضر باستخدام تقنية تحليل العناصر و مطيافية الرنين المغناطيسي النووي. ثم تم دراسة قدرة المركب المحضر (HMHC) على تثبيط تآكل الفولاذ الطري في الوسط الحمضي بتقنية فقدان الوزن ضمن المتغيرات ]درجة الحرارة و تركيز المثبط و الوقت[. حيث تراوح مدى درجات الحرارة بين (303 الى 330 ) كلفن و استخدمت تراكيز مختلفه من المثبط المحضر [0,00 و 0,001 و 0,05 و 0,1 و 0,15 و 0,2 و 0,25 و 0,5] غم/لتر ضمن فترات غمر معينه و هي [1:00 و 3:00 و 5:00 و 10:00 و 24:00 و 72:00 ] ساعة. اظهر المشتق المحضر قدرته على تثبيط التآكل و من خلال النتائج لوحظ أن معدل التآكل يتناقص مع زيادة تركيز المانع المحضر و يزداد مع زيادة درجة حرارة المحلول  و ان اعلى كفاءة لعمل المثبط هي عند استخدام  التركيز 0,5 غم / لتر حيث بلغت 90,2% و وجد أن عملية امتزاز المثبط HMHC تخضع لنموذج ايزوثيرم لانكماير. تم دراسة الخصائص الالكترونية  للمثبط نظرياَ باستخدام نظرية الدالة الوظيفية للكثافة DFT  حيث تم الحصول على نتائج نظرية مقاربة بشكل كبير للنتائج العملية لهذه الدراسة.        In this study we focused on the determination of influence the novel synthesized thiosemicarbazide derivative "2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide" (HMHC) influenced the corrosion inhibition of mild steel (MS) in a 1.0 M hydrochloric acid acidic solution.This is in an effort to preserve the metal material by maintaining it from corrosion.The synthesized inhibitor was characterized using elemental analysis, and NMR-spectroscopy. Then the corrosion inhibition capability of (HMHC) was studied on mild steel in an acidic medium by weight loss technique within variables [temperature, inhibitor concentration, and time]. The immersion periods were [1:00, 3:00, 5:00, 10:00, 24:00, and 72:00] hours and the temperature range was (303-333) K. Various concentration of (HMHC) were used and the immersion periods were [0.00, 0.001, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.50] g/L. The prepared derivative has shown the ability to inhibit corrosion. It has been observed that the rate of erosion decreases with the increasing concentration of the prepared inhibitor and increases with the increasing temperature of the solution. The most promising inhibitor action is at 0.5 g/L with an inhibition efficiency of 90.2%. Where it found that the adsorption process of HMHC obeys the Langmuir isotherm model. The electronic properties of the HMHC molecules were obtained from density function theory (DFT) quantum chemical approach. The experimental approach and theoretical results were found to have impressive correlations